Comparisons and differences
Rider-Waite-Smith or Universal Waite Tarot: what is the difference?
Published on
The Rider-Waite-Smith is the original 1909 deck, illustrated by Pamela Colman Smith. The Universal Waite is a later version that keeps the scenes and the structure but recolors the artwork. For reading, the meanings are practically the same. The choice is usually more aesthetic than technical.
One deck and its editions
The Rider-Waite-Smith was published in 1909 and became the reference for the English-speaking and Brazilian tarot traditions. Its scenes on every card, including the numbered ones, made studying easier for generations of readers.
The name Universal Waite Tarot usually points to a colorful reinterpretation of this deck, produced by another artist from the original scenes. The design follows the same 78-card structure and the same compositions, with a different palette and finish.
Watch the name on the box
The term Universal Tarot is used in different ways by publishers and shops. In some places it appears as a generic name for a deck based on the Rider-Waite-Smith, and in others it names a specific product.
That is why it is worth checking the product description, the publisher and the credited artist. If the scenes are those of the Rider-Waite-Smith, the meanings in the study material you already have remain valid.
What changes and what does not
Here are the main points.
| Point | Original Rider-Waite-Smith | Universal version |
|---|---|---|
| Scenes and composition | Created by Pamela Colman Smith | Based on the original scenes |
| Color palette | Soft, more subdued tones | More saturated, vivid colors |
| Structure | 78 cards | 78 cards |
| Study meanings | Wide range of material available | The same materials can be used |
| Choice | Out of affinity with the original drawing | Out of a liking for the livelier palette |
Which to buy
If you prefer the traditional line work and colors, choose a faithful edition of the original. If you want stronger colors, a recolored version may please you more, without hurting your study.
Whichever deck you pick, it is worth flipping through the cards before buying, when possible. The printing, the size and the paper have a big influence on the experience.
Consider the card size and finish as well. Large cards are good for studying details, and smaller cards fit better in the hands of people who shuffle a lot. Firmer paper usually lasts longer, but can be harder to shuffle at first.
Frequently asked questions
- Do the meanings change in the Universal Waite Tarot?
- No. The structure and scenes follow the Rider-Waite-Smith, so the same study meanings can be used.
- Which is better for beginners?
- Either one works, because both have scenes on every card. Choose the artwork and colors you like best.
- How can I tell if my deck is an RWS?
- Look at the Three of Swords, for example: if it shows a heart pierced by swords under clouds, that is the Rider-Waite-Smith design. Numbered cards with scenes point to its lineage.
Educational content, for reflection. Tarot does not replace medical, legal or financial advice.